Pericardiectomy is a surgical procedure involving the removal of part or all of the pericardium, the protective sac surrounding the heart. This is most commonly performed in patients suffering from constrictive pericarditis, a condition where the pericardium becomes thickened and restricts heart function. It may also be indicated in recurrent pericardial effusion, tuberculosis-related pericarditis, or in rare cases, pericardial tumors. By removing the diseased pericardium, the surgery restores normal heart filling and function, significantly reducing symptoms like breathlessness, swelling, and fatigue. It is a major but effective procedure, offering long-term relief and improved cardiac performance.

Pacemaker and Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator (ICD) implantation are advanced cardiac procedures used to regulate abnormal heart rhythms. A pacemaker is a small device implanted under the skin of the chest to help manage slow or irregular heartbeats (bradycardia). An ICD not only monitors heart rhythm but also delivers life-saving shocks when dangerous arrhythmias, such as ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation, are detected. These devices are critical in preventing sudden cardiac arrest, improving heart function, and enhancing quality of life in patients with arrhythmias or heart failure. Both procedures are minimally invasive and are typically performed under local anesthesia with sedation.

Heart valve repair or replacement is a specialized cardiac surgery performed to treat damaged or diseased heart valves that regulate blood flow through the heart chambers. The procedure restores proper valve function, improving blood circulation and relieving symptoms like fatigue, breathlessness, and chest discomfort. Valve Repair involves correcting the patient’s existing valve, often preferred when the valve structure is mostly intact. Valve Replacement is done when repair isn't possible, using either mechanical (long-lasting but requires lifelong blood thinners) or biological (tissue-based and more natural) prosthetic valves. This surgery is commonly required in conditions such as mitral valve prolapse, aortic stenosis, and valve regurgitation. It helps prevent heart failure and significantly improves quality of life. Depending on the case, it can be performed through open-heart surgery or minimally invasive techniques.

Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG) Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG) is a major heart surgery performed to treat severe coronary artery disease (CAD), where one or more arteries supplying blood to the heart become narrowed or blocked. During the procedure, the surgeon takes a healthy blood vessel—usually from the chest, leg, or arm—and grafts it around the blocked arteries to create a new pathway for blood to flow to the heart muscle. This improves oxygen supply, reduces symptoms like chest pain (angina), enhances heart function, and significantly lowers the risk of heart attacks. CABG is often recommended when lifestyle changes, medications, or less invasive procedures like angioplasty are not effective. It is a proven, life-saving treatment that helps patients return to a more active, healthy lifestyle.